Vol. 2, Issue 5, Part K (2016)

Abstract
Birbhum is the land of rich cultural heritage. During the last period of Sultani rule when Sri Chaitanyadeb was born in Nabadip to protect the Hindu culture at the same time Nityananda is believed to have started the conflict between Hindus and Muslims and built the Hindu Samaj. Therefore, a new belief in the society was formed. Chaitanyadeb and Nityananda of Birbhum formed spiritual democracy. This resulted Hindus as well as non-Hindus, Jain or Muslim to believe in the faith. This period taught the Hindus to sacrifice. In Birbhum many people were influenced by Baishnab religion. In Nanur it gave rise to Dhijo Chandidas. In his words, he said above everything is man, no one above man. Everything should be thought for the benefit of mankind. After the end of Sri Chaitanyadeb there was a problem of mixed culture in Birbhum. It was called as “Neraneri” revolution. The Buddhist was basically called Neraneri. In ancient Indian geography there was no place like Birbhum. In the 55-60s in a Sanskrit book “Bhabishopuron” the word Birbhum was first found. The place was in the east India. In the book the word ‘Narikando’ or ‘Rarhikandhe Birbhum’ word was found. Birbhum’s priority place was written as Bakreshwar. Birbhum’s Lok Sangeet plays an important role. There is no Baishnabi in it. It has been derived from people to people in course of time with word of mouth. There is no identified composer for the Lok Sangeet. The predominant language in the district is Bengali classified by Dr. Grierson as western Bengali which differs from standard Bengali which has a broader pronunciation. The number of persons speaking in Birbhum is 575,500. Vaishnavism was popular in the district in the early 12th century A.D. The Bagdis are a caste believed to have been the early inhabitants of the district. They gradually became Hindu and there is little doubt of their being non-Aryan and they are at the bottom. The history of newspapers in Birbhum is not ancient because it started in the end of 19th century. This flow of newspapers created a literature in Indian history. That time a village named Multi, from where Editor Indranarayan Chattopadhay founded the newspaper ‘Dharoni’, a highly monthly Sahitya newspaper and its main highlight was the district of Birbhum of West Bengal.