AbstractBackground: Anemia is a major public health issue affecting children under five, particularly in developing countries like India. It significantly impacts cognitive development, immunity, and physical growth. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anemia and associated risk factors among hospitalized children under five.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the pediatric department of NIMS University Hospital, Jaipur, from January to December 2013. Hemoglobin levels were measured, and nutritional and socioeconomic factors were recorded.
Results: Out of 400 children assessed, 68% were anemic. Among them, 48% had mild anemia, 38% moderate, and 14% severe. Children aged 6-24 months showed the highest prevalence (76%). Nutritional deficiencies, low birth weight, and early weaning practices were significantly associated with anemia (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Anemia remains highly prevalent in under-five children, especially among those with poor nutritional status and lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Integrated strategies focusing on nutrition, maternal education, and anemia screening are essential.
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