Vol. 1, Issue 3, Part C (2015)

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on patients undergoing temporary haemodialysis catheter insertion at a tertiary care hospital January 2014 - December 2014. Catheter placement was performed at jugular, subclavian, or femoral sites, based on clinical preference. Patients were monitored from catheter insertion until removal, and catheter-related infections were recorded. Microbial cultures were performed for exit site swabs, catheter tips, and blood samples in cases of suspected infection. CRBSI was diagnosed based on positive blood and catheter tip cultures, in the absence of an alternative source of infection. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, with a p-value < 0.05 considered significant. Results: The incidence of CRBSI was significantly high (42.5%), with variations based on catheter duration and site of insertion. Femoral catheters had the highest infection rates, particularly beyond 5 days of use, while jugular catheters showed a lower infection risk within 2 weeks. Diabetes mellitus, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and prolonged catheterization were identified as major risk factors for CRBSI (p < 0.05).Staphylococcus aureus (70%) was the most prevalent pathogen, followed by Klebsiella (21%), Pseudomonas (7%), and Burkhalter cepacian (2%).Vancomycin and imipenem were the most effective antibiotics, highlighting the need for empiric Gram-positive coverage in suspected CRBSI cases.

Conclusion: This study underscores the high burden of CRBSI in hemodialysis patients, particularly with prolonged catheter use in developing countries. Strict adherence to catheter duration guidelines, early transition to permanent vascular access, and robust infection control protocols are essential to minimize infection risks. Further region-specific research is needed to validate catheter duration guidelines in resource-limited settings, ensuring improved patient outcomes.