Vol. 2, Issue 9, Part L (2016)

Introduction and Background: Lichen Planus (LP) is a persistent inflammatory skin disorder that predominantly impacts the skin, mucous membranes, and nails. The aetiology remains ambiguous, however it is believed to include autoimmune pathways, with environmental and genetic factors contributing. This study aims to assess the epidemiological, clinical, histological, and dermoscopic characteristics of LP, so enhancing the overall comprehension of this condition.

Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out over 12 months in a tertiary care facility. 100 individuals identified with lichen planus through clinical, histological, and dermoscopic assessments were included. This study was conducted at the department of Dermatology, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India from the June 2015 to May 2016. Epidemiological data encompassing age, gender, occupation, and comorbidities were gathered. Clinical features including lesion distribution, morphology, and concomitant symptoms were documented. Skin biopsy tissues underwent histological analysis for verification.

Results: There were 100 participants in the study, with an average age of 40.5 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.3. A total of three types of LP were identified; the most prevalent being cutaneous lichen planus (75%), oral lichen planus (15%), and nail lichen planus (10%). Forearm flexor surfaces (50%), lower backs (45%), and ankles (40%) were the most often seen areas for the lesions. Hyperkeratosis, basal cell vacuolization, and lymphocytic infiltration at the dermoepidermal interface were histopathological hallmarks of LP in every instance. Wickham striae (80%), reticular pattern (70%), and hyperpigmentation (60%) were detected in the afflicted regions during the dermoscopy examination. Shiny white streaks (40%) and dotted vessels (45%) were among the other observations.

Conclusion: The majority of people who get lichen planus are middle-aged adults, and women are slightly more likely to get it than men. Skin lichen planus is the most prevalent symptom, although it can also affect the mouth and nails. Accurate diagnosis and management of lichen planus require a multimodal strategy, including clinical, histological, and dermoscopy evaluations, as demonstrated in the study.