Vol. 3, Issue 12, Part B (2017)

Aims and objective: To study thyroid function in T2DM and correlate it with age, sex, body mass index, lipid profile, glycemic control, duration and complications of diabetes.

Materials and Methods: Eighty two T2DM patients were studied prospectively for thyroid function in the Department of Medicine of JA group of Hospitals, GR Medical College, Gwalior from September 2011 to October 2012. A detailed medical history (age, sex, duration of diabetes and existence of symptoms), physical/clinical examination (SBP, DBP, BMI and waist hip ratio), laboratory investigations (compete blood count, blood sugar, blood urea and serum creatinine, liver function test, USG abdomen, urine R/M, serum lipid profile, ECG and chest X-Ray was performed in all patients.

Results: Thyroid dysfunction was found in 21.9% of the T2DM subjects and 7.3% in control. Fatigability (29%) followed by dryness of skin (18.29%) were the most common symptoms of thyroid dysfunction. Mean FT3, FT4 and TSH in cases and control was 2.04±0.92 and 2.46±0.83 (p=0.015), 1.29±1.47 and 1.45±0.39 (p=0.495), 5.14±5.68 and 4.20±1.91 (p=0.305). In study cohort, 78.1% patients had euthyroidism, 20.7% had hypothyroidism and 1.25 had hyperthyroidism. Patients with HbA1c between 7.6-8.5%, 60% were euthyroid and 40% were hypothyroid and with HbA1c between 8.6-9.5%, 90% were euthyroid and 10% were hypothyroid whereas patients with diabetes duration between 5-10 years, 67.8% were euthyroid and 32.14% were hypothyroid and with diabetes duration >10 years, 75% were euthyroid and 25% were hypothyroid.

Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction mainly hypothyroidism is more prevalent in T2DM compared to healthy subjects, routine testing is recommended in all diabetes patients.