Vol. 4, Issue 7, Part D (2018)

Abstract
There is increased cardiovascular disease incidence attributed to ambient air pollution. It is estimated that ischaemic heart disease and stroke account for 80% of ambient air pollution-related early deaths. The most deleterious are the ultrafine particles (UFPs) which have more prominent potential health threat, since they can act as carriers of other strong air pollutant such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). UFPs are small in size, hence can easily penetrate and reach cardiovascular tissues and organs. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure, and peripheral vascular disease.