Vol. 5, Special Issue 7, Part D (2019)

The earliest anthropometric studies were undertaken to find one part of the body which can become a common measurement of all other body parts.

Temperament pertains to individual differences in reactions toward emotions, exercise that are present from birth and continue throughout one’s lifetime. A person whose temperament is characterized by high extraversion, high openness, and low neuroticism has higher peak energy expenditures (Terracciano et al., 2013), which can be explained by higher resting metabolic rates and levels of activation and reactivity. Neuroticism and emotional instability are negatively associated with self-confidence. Various studies on physical and psychological traits have been conducted in the physical science field with temperament as the focus. In fact, this technique is called as somatotyping approach, it was introduced in 1940.

By Sheldon. Shield on method of somatotyping was extensively used in physical education for differentiating the physiques of different categories of sports persons.