Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part D (2020)

Abstract
In India most of the tribes are collectively identified under Article 342 (1&2) as Scheduled Tribes and right to self-determination guaranteed by Part X: The Scheduled and Tribal Areas–Article 244: Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas. These schedules have very little impact on the ground, Tribal Advisory Council are either non existent in many states or are defunct and dysfunctional worse still is the process of rescheduling of tribal areas itself is not yet complete even after decades. It started in the fifties and soon the bureaucracy at the state level gave it up. Having no inclination to protect the land rights of tribals the spread of naxalites armed struggle to tribal areas due to non-development in those regions compelled the ruling class leaders to initiate the some reforms measures in tribal areas. Indira Gandhi introduced the Tribal Sub-Plan in the planning process, earmarking a portion of funds for tribal development. Only to ensure their share of the Central Plan allocations, the States started the notification of tribal areas again”. This paper analyse the implementation of Panchayats Extension of Schedule Areas (PESA) in India and Andhra Pradesh.