Vol. 6, Issue 5, Part G (2020)

Abstract
Two quantum key agreement (QKA) protocols that primarily use Bell State calculation is implied. The first QKA protocol introduced here is intended for two-party QKA, while multi-party QKA is designed for the second protocol. Using a series of multi-party entangled states (e.g., 4-qubit cluster state and state), the proposed protocols are also extended to incorporate QKA. From the monogamy of entanglement, stability of these protocols emerges. This is in contrast to the current QKA protocols, where protection comes from the use of a non-orthogonal condition (principle of non-commutativity). Furthermore, it is shown that it is possible to change all quantum networks that are useful for the implementation of quantum dialogue and most of the stable direct quantum communication protocols to implement QKA protocols.