Vol. 6, Issue 9, Part F (2020)

Abstract
The Venus express space croft (VEX) has obtained Venus since April 2006. The vex radio science experiment (Vera) used the radio subsystem of the space craft to study the ionosphere and surface of Venus. Venus express provide a valuable data for a systematic studies of ionosphere of Venus. The present paper focuses on the development a new theoretical model of the ionosphere of Venus.