Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part C (2021)

Introduction

Coronary heart disease is a condition in which a substance called plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Plaque can narrow or block the coronary arteries and reduce blood flow to the heart muscle. If the blockage is severe, angina, shortness of breath, and, in some cases, heart attacks can occur. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a type of surgery that improves blood flow to the heart & is used for people who have severe coronary heart disease (CHD). During CABG a healthy artery or vein from the body is connected, or grafted, to the blocked coronary artery. This creates a new passage, and oxygen rich blood is routed around the blockage to the heart muscle. After coronary artery bypass graft surgery intercostal drainage is inserted to drain accumulated fluid & air. But intercostal drainage can put patient at risk of certain complications. These include pain during placement, infection, bleeding, pneumothorax or accidental disconnection. All complications can be prevented by proper nursing interventions. Statement ‘‘A study to assess the effect of nursing interventions on prevention of complications of intercostal drainage among post-operative CABG patients admitted in selected hospital” OBJECTIVE: 1) To assess effect of nursing interventions on prevention of complications of intercostals drainage. 2) To find association of complications of intercostal drainage with selected demographic variables.

Research Approach

Quantitative research approach was used. Research design used was post-experimental post-test single group design. Conceptual framework used was Dorothy Orem’s self-care deficit theory. The setting for this study was the cardiac recovery (CRR), Dr, D.Y. Patil Hospitals and Research Center of Pune city. Population for the study was post-operative CABG patients with intercostal drainage. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used for 60 post-operative CABG patients who met the designated set of criteria during the period of data collection. The tool included, Section-I: demographic variables, Section-II: Observational checklist, to assess the complications of intercostal drainage &. Section-III: nursing interventional plan towards prevention on complications of intercostal drainage system. Tool validity was done, and tool found reliable. Study found feasible after pilot study.

Result

Findings related to Fisher’s exact test for association of Pneumothorax among post-operative CABG patients with selected demographic variables. Since all the p-values are large (greater than 0.05), none of the demographic variables was found to have significant association with pneumothorax among post-operative CABG patients. Fisher’s exact test for association of bleeding among post-operative CABG patients with selected demographic variables 56 all the p-values are large(greater than 0.05),none of the demographic variables was found to have significant association with bleeding among post-operative CABG patients. Fisher’s exact test for association of infection among post-operative CABG patients with selected demographic variables, p-values are large (greater than 0.05), none of the demographic variables was found to have significant association with infection among post-operative CABG patients. Fisher’s exact test for association of Accidental Disconnecting of system among postoperative CABG patients with selected demographic variables. p-values are large (greater than 0.05), none of the demographic variables was found to have significant association with accidental disconnecting of system among post-operative CABG patients.

Corresponding p-value was small (less than 0.05) Null hypothesis is rejected. It is evident that pneumothorax, bleeding, infection, Accidental disconnecting of system, had improved significantly after nursing intervention among post-operative CABG patients. Systematic plan of assess the complications of intercostal drainage of CABG patients has shown a significant effect in reducing the complications of intercostal drainage among post-operative CABG patient.