Vol. 8, Issue 4, Part F (2022)

Abstract
Kavi Parmanand has a distinct place in the nineteenth century Kashmiri literature. His lila kavyas, muktaks and prabandh kavyas written allegorically in native Kashmiri language display the ideology of Bhakti, along with the concepts of purusha, prakriti, dharma (righteousness), karma (action). They depict a desire for moksha and a need for yoga sadhna to attain it. His works exhibit a mingling of Kashmir Shaivism, yoga, Vedanta, Upanishadic philosophy woven elaborately with the theorization of bhakti. Much of his poetry is deeply rooted in devotion towards Krishna and Shiva. His expression of devotion is above the difference between form and formless, i., sakar and nirakar and transcends the distinction between saguna and nirguna aspects. In his works, all three margas for salvation find place. But they are not depicted as exclusive of each other. Besides, his works present the Kashmiri Shaiva philosophy in an emphatic and eloquent manner.