Vol. 8, Issue 6, Part C (2022)

Abstract
Aim:1. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the brain in all neonates presenting with history of convulsions. 2. Localization and sonomorphological characterization of the lesions detected in positive cases. 3. To determine the role of other first-line investigations like cerebrospinal fluid study and biochemical analysis of blood in the evaluation of neonatal seizures. 4. Finally, to determine the place of ultrasonography of the brain in the work- up of neonatal convulsions. Materials and Methods: Study was carried out in the Department of Radiodiagnosis & Modern Imaging, S.P. Medical College and Associate group of P.B.M. Hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan. This hospital is a tertiary care centre equipped with GE Logiq P9 Ultrasound Machine. The duration of the study was about one year(From Nov 2020 to Nov 2021). Study population: All the patients referred for USG Cranium from Paediatric Medicine indoor, Nursery and Paediatric Medicine.Study design: This is an observational hospital based study. Sampling Technique: Done by consecutive sampling. Sample size: 100 patients with convulsions (In patients and Out patients).Study duration: 1 year or till 100 patients are taken.Inclusion criteria: Neonatal age group (i.e. up to 4 weeks/ 1 month of age). Clinical diagnosis of convulsions. Exclusion criteria:The following patients were excluded from the study - Neonates with kernicterus and cardiopulmonary disease. Babies having history of inadvertent local anaesthetic injection Babies born to mothers with history of drug intake.Results and Conclusion: In our series, the cause of neonatal convulsion could be diagnosed by the first line investigations (cranial USG and laboratory tests) in 75.58% cases. In 61.63% cases (53 cases) USG alone was able to provide a diagnosis. In 4 other cases US detected only ventriculomegaly, 2 of which were attributed to meningitis (as already discussed). Two other cases detected with dilated lateral and third ventricles with normal sized fourth ventricle and where the first-line laboratory tests could not find any abnormality, were diagnosed as hydrocephalus due to congenital aqueduct stenosis. CT scan done in these patients could not reveal any other morphological abnormality apart from ventriculomegaly.