Vol. 10, Issue 1, Part C (2024)

Abstract
In rural India, open defecation is still a major problem, particularly in Bihar, despite government initiatives like the Swachh Bharat Mission to improve sanitation. This study examines the socioeconomic variables—education, income, caste relations, and infrastructure difficulties—that contribute to the continuation of open defecation in rural Bihar. This research offers a thorough examination of the obstacles to implementing contemporary sanitation techniques as well as the wider environmental and health effects, using both primary and secondary data sources. The results show that sanitation practices are significantly influenced by socioeconomic factors, which has important ramifications for public health and development.