Vol. 10, Issue 11, Part C (2024)

Abstract
Keratoconus is a progressive, non-inflammatory eye disorder characterized by thinning and cone-like protrusion of the cornea, leading to visual impairment. The management of keratoconus has evolved significantly with advancements in diagnostic techniques and therapeutic interventions. This paper reviews current trends in the management of keratoconus, focusing on early diagnosis, individualized treatment plans, and innovative surgical and non-surgical options. Key areas of discussion include the role of corneal topography and tomography in early detection, the use of corneal cross-linking (CXL) to halt disease progression, and the integration of advanced contact lens designs for visual rehabilitation. Additionally, we explore recent developments in minimally invasive procedures, such as intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) and topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy (TG-PRK), and their combined use with CXL to optimize outcomes. The advent of new technologies like femtosecond laser-assisted keratoplasty and artificial intelligence-based predictive models for disease progression are also examined. The paper emphasizes a patient-centric approach, highlighting the importance of personalized management strategies based on disease severity, patient lifestyle, and ocular biomechanics. These advancements underscore the need for a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating ophthalmologists, optometrists, and vision rehabilitation specialists, to provide comprehensive care for keratoconus patients.