Vol. 10, Issue 11, Part D (2024)

Abstract
Re-root canal treatment is a challenging procedure necessitated by the failure of initial root canal therapy, often due to persistent infections or inadequate debridement. A key determinant of success in these cases is the effective use of intracanal medicaments to eradicate resistant microorganisms, such as Enterococcus faecalis, and to promote periapical healing. This review evaluates the efficacy of various intracanal medicaments, including calcium hydroxide, chlorhexidine, triple antibiotic paste, and natural products, in retreatment cases. Additionally, it explores emerging trends like nanotechnology, combination therapies, and regenerative endodontics. While calcium hydroxide remains a widely used and cost-effective option, its limitations against resistant bacteria highlight the need for alternative agents and advanced formulations. The comparative analysis underscores the importance of tailored medicament selection based on case complexity and microbial challenges to optimize clinical outcomes.