Vol. 10, Issue 8, Part C (2024)

Abstract
This research paper delves into the intricate domain of cyber-crimes, aiming to elucidate their meaning, definition, and legal ramifications. With the ever-evolving landscape of technology, cyber-crimes have become a pervasive threat, transcending conventional boundaries and posing significant challenges to law enforcement and legal frameworks worldwide. The paper examines the evolution of cyber-crime legislation, drawing from examples such as the United States' experience with defining and combating cyber-crimes. Furthermore, it explores the distinctive characteristics of cyber-crimes vis-à-vis traditional offenses, shedding light on their complexity, jurisdictional challenges, and societal impact. The role of computers as tools in cyber-crimes is dissected, highlighting vulnerabilities and factors contributing to their exploitation. Additionally, the paper delves into the perpetrators of cyber-crimes, analyzing their demographics, motivations, and modus operandi. Legal issues surrounding cyber-crimes, including principles of criminal liability, actus reus, and mens rea, are meticulously examined to delineate the complexities of prosecuting such offenses. Finally, the paper classifies various cyber-crimes and elucidates their punishments, encompassing offenses like harassment via email, cyber stalking, spamming, dissemination of obscene material, pornography, and defamation.