Vol. 11, Issue 1, Part C (2025)

Abstract
This work studies the development of the Sōkan system, a hierarchical administrative framework for Buddhist monk officials in medieval Japan, influenced significantly by China’s Sengguan zhidu (僧官制度). The Sōkan system was crucial in integrating Buddhism into Japan’s socio-political structure, creating a distinctive framework that connected religious and governmental roles. This study explores the functions of notable monk officials-namely Sōjō (僧正), Sōzu (僧都), and Risshi (律师)-analyzing their duties in supervising monastic governance, maintaining religious discipline, and acting as intermediaries between Buddhist organizations and governmental bodies. This research examines historical sources and religious writings to track the evolution of the Sōkan system across time, highlighting its adaptive nature and significant political impact in medieval Japan. The data demonstrate how the Sōkan system enabled governmental supervision of Buddhist organizations, promoted religious activities, and broadened the socio-political influence of Buddhism. This study offers significant insights into the administrative complexities of Buddhist government in medieval Japan and its enduring influence on the religious landscape of Japanese history.