Vol. 11, Issue 1, Part E (2025)

Abstract
The ethnic violence in Manipur, which erupted in May 2023, highlights deep-rooted historical, political, and socio-economic tensions between the Meitei and Kuki communities. Triggered by the demand for Scheduled Tribe (ST) status by the Meitei community and the subsequent High Court ruling, the violence led to widespread displacement, loss of lives, destruction of property, and human rights violations. This paper examines the structural causes of the conflict, the role of government policies, and the impact of the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) on the region. It also explores the geopolitical implications of Manipur’s border with Myanmar and the influx of refugees. The study emphasizes the need for inclusive dialogue, equitable economic development, and policy reforms to ensure sustainable peace and security in the region.