Vol. 11, Issue 11, Part B (2025)

In the present study different metal oxide nanoparticles (Copper, Zinc and Nickel) were synthesized using wet chemical method. These nanoparticles were characterized using FTIR, SEM, TEM and XRD to investigate their structural and morphological properties. XRD data was used to calculate the particle size using Debye Scherrer method and it was found to be in the nano-range. SEM analysis also supported that metal oxide particles are in the nano range with varying morphology. Metal oxide nanoparticles exhibit various biological activities, including antibacterial, pro-regenerative, and antitumor potentials, due to their size and unique properties. These activities stem from mechanisms like generating reactive oxygen species, disrupting cell membranes, and interacting with cellular components like DNA. The specific biological effects of MONPs depend on their physicochemical properties, such as size, shape, and surface charge, and can vary depending on the type of metal oxide and the biological target. The use of these nanoparticles made of synthetic and natural materials in dentistry is developing quickly, has been included in a variety of dental materials and has assisted in the treatment of oral disorders as well as the removal of biofilms and smear layers. The reader will gain up-to-date knowledge on MONPs, their modes of action, and their significance in Endodontics.