Vol. 12, Issue 1, Part A (2026)

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy-related metabolic disorder associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes and an increased risk of future diabetes. Exercise has been recommended as a non-pharmacological strategy for the management of GDM; however, clear guidelines are limited. This literature review aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise interventions on glycaemic control and pregnancy outcomes in women diagnosed with GDM.

A computerized literature search was conducted using PubMed, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Database, including studies published between 2015 and 2019. Thirteen studies comprising randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and cohort studies were analyzed. The findings indicate that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, resistance training, or a combination of both performed regularly during pregnancy improves postprandial blood glucose control and insulin sensitivity without adverse maternal or neonatal effects.

In conclusion, exercise is a safe and effective adjunct in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus. Further research is required to establish standardized exercise guidelines for women with GDM.