Vol. 2, Issue 4, Part D (2016)

Abstract
This review mainly aimed to review researchers’ outlook on water resources and development of water and waste water treatment level and its main challenges for further researching to find last long solution as far as water resources concerns. This also includes author practical experiences and to identify the significance of nanotechnology for today’s water treatment related problem. Supply of clean and affordable water with ever growing demands, with all climatic threats and current population growth is among the grand challenges of this century to meet human need. Most of developing countries enforced to use unconventional water sources as a result of fresh water supplies are getting depleted. This resulted that on average daily about 5000-to-6000 children are die diarrhea which is water related & incoming couple of decades more than 1 billion people in the world will face problem in safe water access though current water supplies will be decreasing by one-third. Therefore, advancement in water treatment which is applicable in all condition for all nations, reliable, efficient, economical, safe and easy is needed to address water and its derivative problems. Applying and developing new Nanomaterials for water and wastewater treatment is the only promising technologies and techniques for current scenarios and future outlooks. However, in synthesizing and application of Nanomaterials; environmental fate, protection of water treatment system against potential chemical and biological terrorist acts, some modification of currently used Nanomaterials for more selectivity and reactivity with selected materials are equally important. Among recent synthesis methods in Nanomaterials; Green synthesis is the most eco-friendly approach which has to be practiced by the researchers in the world. The advancement in Nano scales suggesting that, many of the current rigorous problems involving in safe water access will be resolved or greatly diminished with the application of Nanotechnology.