Vol. 7, Issue 6, Part D (2021)

Abstract
The bladder exstrophy-epispadias-cloacal exstrophy complex is caused by a developmental abnormality that occurs 4-5 weeks after conception in which the cloacal membrane is not replaced by tissue that will form the abdominal muscles. The treatment includes Bladder closure and abdominal wall repair operation, Kelly procedure, Bladder Augmentation, and Epispadias repair.