Vol. 9, Issue 2, Part B (2023)

Abstract
The objective of this article is to highlight realistic and pessimistic approaches in the novels of Thomas Hardy. His pessimism is of a different kind, which is based on logical and realistic earthly facts. His writing career spans over two centuries in the history of English literature, and viewers find that pessimism in his novels is, of course, a kind of realism. In fact, ‘life and death’ and ‘gain and loss’ always execute mankind and take all human beings into the realm of suffering. He has devoted his thoughts, ideas, and philosophy to many problems such as religion, ethics, life, society, love, and marriage in his novels.